The main argument of this book is that the revival of European integration in the mid-1980s and the emergence of a ‘New Europe’ have to be analysed against the background of globalisation and the transnational restructuring of social forces since the early 1970s.The book brings together a range of diverse - but similar - critical perspectives that draw from the work of Antonio Gramsci to provide an alternative to established neo-functionalist and intergovernmentalist approaches.It is argued that these critical perspectives can more adequately analyse various aspects of European integration within the recent context of globalisation.